1--What are some of the features of a "civilization" as outlined in the book?
Answer:
When a society and / or culture grows and matures it starts to obtain certain characteristics. We know what " gatherer-hunter" societies looked like and how they behaved. For example: they were a nomadic and moved frequently, following the seasons and the migration of animals, that they hunted for food and clothing. They pretty much only produced items that could be moved easily and quickly. Food was hunted wherever they ended up and the fruits and nuts that were indigenous to the environment was their food-pantry. Men were primarily focused on hunting game while women gathered the veges, nuts, seeds, and fruits that were the staple diet. Thus women had a valued and more equal role with the men of the tribe. The communities were usually small consisting of perhaps 20-30 people and decision making was shared with all the men.
In a "civilization" there are several different characteristics. For example: the communities were large, often numbering into the hundreds or thousands, and obviously were more congregated in urban clusters resembling small cities. There was a hierarchy of power. Decisions were made by a selection of leaders. Food staples were produced by fewer people for the benefit of the whole. Women lost some standing in the community as men took over the job of growing and harvesting food, especially with the domestication of animals that could pull a plow needing the strength of men. In a civilization there is some form of a written language as well as elaborate artwork and different work tools. There is also some form of deity worship or religious expression that is present in the society.
These early urban centers very much resemble the urban community's we live in today.
2--What are some of the reasons that "civilizations" rose and fell during the classical era of world history?
Answer:
When we look at our own "civilization" we can see how really vulnerable humans are to injury, illness, accidents, diseases and
death. We take for granted services available to us when emergencies arise. What do we do? We call 911. That phone starts in motion a whole array of services not really available to our ancestors in the classical era.
Yes there was a sophisticated irrigation system that disposed of waste as in the aqua-ducts of the Roman Empire and the land of the Pharaohs. This improved greatly the health of a community.
We can see how the cities and states affected by Hurricane Katrina were helped by the federal government, volunteer and church agencies.
Ancient man was at the mercy of earth-quakes, wild fires, extended drought, storms, and other ecological variables. A civilization very much depended on mother-nature cooperating to maintain the unity of the civilization, providing ample rainfall and availability of water, which was absolutely critical to human and animal survival
Outside warring neighbors also contributed to the demise of communities, weakening a local political structure that provided some measure of services like maintaining the irrigation systems and protection.
Internal bickering and murder often replaced a more civil method of selecting leaders, leading to instability and conflict, which also contributed to a loss of power and prestige.
Therefore, a combination of favorable ecological variables, plentiful water supply, and internal and external political stability greatly improved a civilizations longevity.
5 Questions:
1--What are the names of the 3 Super-continents?
2--Did women have the same rights and social standing in "Paleolithic" times than in "post-agricultural" urban centers?
3--What are some of the features of a "civilization"?
4--What are some of the reasons that "civilizations" rose and
fell during the Classical Era?
5--What are some of the reasons that some civilizations recieved
Answer:
When we look at our own "civilization" we can see how really vulnerable humans are to injury, illness, accidents, diseases and
death. We take for granted services available to us when emergencies arise. What do we do? We call 911. That phone starts in motion a whole array of services not really available to our ancestors in the classical era.
Yes there was a sophisticated irrigation system that disposed of waste as in the aqua-ducts of the Roman Empire and the land of the Pharaohs. This improved greatly the health of a community.
We can see how the cities and states affected by Hurricane Katrina were helped by the federal government, volunteer and church agencies.
Ancient man was at the mercy of earth-quakes, wild fires, extended drought, storms, and other ecological variables. A civilization very much depended on mother-nature cooperating to maintain the unity of the civilization, providing ample rainfall and availability of water, which was absolutely critical to human and animal survival
Outside warring neighbors also contributed to the demise of communities, weakening a local political structure that provided some measure of services like maintaining the irrigation systems and protection.
Internal bickering and murder often replaced a more civil method of selecting leaders, leading to instability and conflict, which also contributed to a loss of power and prestige.
Therefore, a combination of favorable ecological variables, plentiful water supply, and internal and external political stability greatly improved a civilizations longevity.
5 Questions:
1--What are the names of the 3 Super-continents?
2--Did women have the same rights and social standing in "Paleolithic" times than in "post-agricultural" urban centers?
3--What are some of the features of a "civilization"?
4--What are some of the reasons that "civilizations" rose and
fell during the Classical Era?
5--What are some of the reasons that some civilizations recieved
more "ink" in the history books than others?
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