Chapter 13 Worlds of the Fifteenth Century

 The Fifteenth Century is characterized by the many ways humanity organized itself around the world. For example, there were groups of, hunter - gatherer's, agricultural villages, chiefdom's, emerging civilizations  and empires, and nomadic/pastoral  societies.

By the 15th century,the majority of the world's population lived in one or another of these civilizations, in China, Europe, The Americas or in the Islamic world. Each of these civilizations experienced growth in the development of an organized society,  enjoying cultural expression, and expansion of its influence and power. For example, Europe was enjoying the Renaissance, and humankind's most creative outburst was expressed in it's  art, architecture, music, and  language.

In China , under the Ming Dynasty, she enjoyed a cultural renewal of Confucian philosophy of tranquility and harmony. The Civilization of Islam was also consolidating and maturing.There emerged 4 centers of influence; the Ottoman and Songhay empires., and the Safvid Mughal empires.

 These empires were sophisticated societies with cultural and economic systems that advanced the culture, with fantastic architecture and expressions of art.

In the Americas, the Aztec empire flourished and contributed greatly to world views on planetary observations, city-building, and tracking the cycles of the year. The Incas are another example of a highly organized sophisticated society living around the Andes mountains.

We can see, in the post-classical era the positive global impact of long-distance, and established trading routes, that allowed all these different civilizations, in the Fifteenth Century, to contribute to, as well as, be enhanced by, the interactions of different people from all over the globe.

This was all a stepping stone for Europe to regain her place on the world stage as the Fifteenth century came to a close looking ahead to the Modern Era.